Majoring in International Business

Studying International Business Business is more worldwide than any other time in recent memory. There are a developing number of organizations who are directing business activities across borders. Furthermore, universal businessâ is continually growing and advancing. This has made a requirement for business chiefs who are knowledgeable in all parts of universal business. A quality universal business degree can be a magnificent springboard for people who are keen on making sure about a situation inside the worldwide business showcase. Universal Business Coursework Business majors who study global business figure out how business is led inside their nation of origin just as different nations. They center around figuring out how to serve clients in universal markets, and how to take a neighborhood business worldwide. Explicit courses may incorporate points like key arranging, government relations, and strategy investigation. Instructive Requirements Instructive necessities for business majors who need to work in worldwide business fluctuate, and frequently rely on the profession objective. Understudies who need to fill in as a social consultant or in worldwide financial will require further developed degrees than somebody who simply wishes to add information on global business to their administration abilities armory. To get a thought of what sorts of global business degrees are accessible, and what you can anticipate from these degree programs, follow these connections: Partner Programsâ are two-year starting projects that comprise basically of general instruction courses. Most situations in universal business will require in excess of a partners degree.BBA Programsâ provide a lone rangers level instruction in business organization and take around four years of full-time study to finish. A BBA degree program will give understudies the essential information required to make sure about a passage level situation in universal business.MBA Programsâ are for business majors who need to work in administrative positions or other propelled positions, an experts level program in business organization is a decent decision. These projects take one to two years to finish. Picking an International Business Programâ There are a developing number of schools that offer projects in global business. On the off chance that you are an ebb and flow business major or hopeful business major and are keen on worldwide business, you ought to painstakingly explore the potential occupation advertise, just as the schools notoriety in the field before taking on a global business program. This will permit you to pick the best vocation way and the best school before you start your investigations. Vocations in International Business After effectively finishing a worldwide business program, business majors ought to have the option to make sure about various situations inside the business field. The positions graduates are best equipped for will rely upon the training got. For instance, somebody who concentrated for the most part on the showcasing parts of global business will be most appropriate for an advertising related position, while understudies who represented considerable authority in the pioneering part of ​international business will be set up to begin their own organization or offer counseling administrations to set up associations.

Open source software Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Open source programming - Essay Example In the present business world which utilizes IT for its ideal and constant working, a database is something which any association won't run without. Rapid business needs has made database an outright prerequisite. As their number increments, so is the opposition between them. These all sellers consistently consider new and creative plans to win the market rivalry. One of these way has been to offer client an open source programming so that if the clients inclinations transforms they can make important corrections This has offered ascend to a various programming arrangement suppliers or database designers. Does this, providing open source software,give a sign about fate of all database Vendors Do all database merchants will in the long run need to open up their source code or leave business This exposition differs to this idea and will inspect barely any explanations behind it.Those who despite everything put stock in providing shut source programming will forever claim a greater port ion of the market as they have been doing it in the past.In the ongoing past certain organizations have looked for a more monetary database than to dish out a robust add up to Database biggies each time they thought of growing their business limits.There stepped in the open source database programming in light of the fact that altering it to the all-inclusive needs simply take little.As the volume of business is rising thus does the necessity of programming capabilities.Many organizations today resort to open source database yet just obtaining an open source doesn't ensure that whatever transforms you make to the database it will consistently work with artfulness. There might be cases of gone information misfortune or decreased security. There will be nobody to produce assurance to that results. That is the reason, enterprises where there is a necessity of refreshing the product critically with the exchange of their past pivotal information, they will consistently search for greater organizations doing this against guaranteed terms. These safeguarded terms are unrealistic regardless of whether you have a total programming improvement wing in your office. Creating programming is a collective endeavor, however changing the product with continuing existing information flawless is a genuine collective endeavor. Presently days there are such a large number of organizations selling open source databases yet they are less favored upwards in size of business. So the open source will obviously keep in showcase and stay in rivalry with the stuffed database programming yet will always be unable to beat them. There is likewise a mental explanation for this that as somebody comes to towards the pinnacle his odds of falling are expanding. The highest point of the pinnacle is totally encircled by falls so in the wake of coming to approach to top nobody might want make a modest and unsafe stride yet will consistently go for an expensive however guaranteed step. For instance a bank could never utilize open source programming altered by its own association. There is a related online extraordinary article in which Lacy S (2006) has told about Herman's quest for database the executives keeping budgetin mind. His inquiry took him a surprising way. He's spended a great deal of time assessing databases worked around the open-source programming that is dispersed and grown unreservedly over the Internet. Sony, as most large organizations, has been moderate with regards to open source. So now Herman and officials like him are the crown jewels in what's turning out to be a warmed round of database wars. On one side are the guarding champions - Oracle, IBM, and Microsoft - against a ragtag bundle of coders and some progressively composed corporate endeavors, all going to advertise in various ways, yet all attempting to bring down the Big Three utilizing the intensity of open source. This open source pattern is rising in database programming projects as well as in different fields as well. In such manner Valimaki (2005) states in his book - The ascent

Reading Pathways Zora Neale Hurston

Reading Pathways Zora Neale Hurston Today would have been Zora Neale Hurstons 123rd birthday, so to mark the day, below is the Reading Pathway I wrote for Book Riots Start Here. ____________________ ??Their Eyes Were Watching God so dominates Hurston’s work that many who love it haven’t read anything else by her. The novel is a marvel, to be sure, and if you are only going to read one thing by Hurston, then it is the indispensable work. But Hurston offers other riches to be treasured, primarily her short stories. Short stories and invented parables suit her the best, as they combine her love of folk stories with her brevity, humor, and gift for endings. The following sequence points toward Their Eyes Were Watching God, but with a particular focus on two of Hurston’s thoroughgoing concerns: male-female relationships and the effects of American racism on the relationships between black people. ____________________________ 1. “How It Feels to Be Colored Me” (1928) In this essay, first published in The World Tomorrow and now widely anthologized, Hurston describes how she experienced her blackness. Growing up in the all-black town of Eatonville, Florida, Hurston says she didn’t even realize she was black until she was about 13. The essay seems revealing: Hurston is candid about feeling most black while in college in New York, and the essay ends with a racial metaphor that indicates being at peace with her racial identity. You would be wise to be on your guard, though. Hurston is wily. Ever the trickster-performer, Hurston is perhaps at her most inventive and elusive when telling the “truth.” Her autobiography, Dust Tracks on the Road, contains quite a bit of misinformation, and Hurston is in the business of creating rather than revealing herself. So the careful reader will see this essay as a performance as well, one that may or may not show Hurston herself. And to a degree, it doesn’t matter if it reflects a real consciousness or not, because it does reveal an imagined consciousness, one that many of her characters, especially the women, seem to always be struggling toward. 2. “The Gilded Six-Bits” (1933) Hurston’s short stories set in and around Eatonville are my favorite, and if pressed I might prefer them, collectively, to Their Eyes Were Watching God. (Fortunately, such pressing is only hypothetical.) In “The Gilded Six-Bits,” a young working class couple, Joe and Missy May, has carved out a niche of happiness for themselves, with Joe working hard at the lumber mill during the day, and coming home to industrious, loving Missy May. His daily return is heralded by the clatter of his pay on the porch, the few coins both an offering and paid admission to their quiet domesticity. The transactional nature of this act, though, causes trouble when a wealthy new citizen, just in from Chicago, opens an ice cream parlor in town. Otis D. Slemmons (Hurston is magical with names) struts his affluence, and Missy May becomes interested in his resources â€" and in him. Drama ensues. I’d like to make a comment about the end of the story without giving it away (too much) because it leads into the next story in this sequence. Maybe this is sufficiently vague and yet still interesting way to put it: not all of Hurston’s unhappy endings are unhappy and not all of her happy endings are happy. If we call something “bittersweet,” does that mean it’s good, bad, or both? That sort of provocative ambivalence pervades Hurston’s fiction, and anticipates the work of Alice Walker, Toni Morrison, and others. 3. “Sweat” (1926) In his landmark biography of Hurston, Robert Hemenway placed “Sweat” among the first rank of her fiction and thought it the best of what she wrote during the Harlem Renaissance. It’s another story of a marriage, though an unbalanced, venomous one. Delia shoulders the financial responsibility, and her husband Joe resents it. He is the worst kind of no-count â€" the kind that masks his laziness in moral protestation. Delia, playing the dutiful wife to a loafer, puts up with it and his physical abuse. Joe eventually can stand the situation no longer and plots Delia’s murder. In an Aesopian twist, his machinations fall back on him. In a gripping final scene, we see how Delia has changed, and by extension what the limits on being “the good wife” should be. Hurston is ever-circling the question of what it means to be a good woman. Does one need a husband? And what kind? How to be with someone in a violent, unjust world? How much of yourself should you be willing to cede to someone else? Everything? Nothing? It’s a question at the heart of Their Eyes Were Watching God, though complicated further still. 4. Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937) This novel is so rich and layered that there are dozens of useful approaches to it, including seeing the story as a meditation on living your life with, for, and through, someone else. Toward the end of the novel, Janie, the protagonist, falls in love with Teacake and finds with him something like contentment. It doesn’t last long, as events, including a hurricane, conspire against their happiness. Hurston wrote in Dust Tracks on the Road that Janie and Tea Cake were based on her relationship with a man named Percival Punter, which ended a mere weeks before she started writing Their Eyes Were Watching God. As I mentioned before, I get suspicious of Hurston in these moments. (I mean, the name alone makes me wonder how much of the truth we are getting.) Janie and Tea Cake’s happiness is so fleeting and so removed from normal life, that it calls into question the viability of such happiness at all. (I warned you that Hurston can’t ever leave the pot unstirred.) Janie’s truest happiness, at least as she understands it, with Tea Cake comes after his death. Only in memory, and an invented memory at that, does fulfillment come. Judge for yourself: what kind of happiness is this? “The kiss of his memory made pictures of love and light against the wall. Here was peace. She pulled in her horizon like a great fish-net. Pulled it from around her waist of the world and draped it over her shoulder. So much of life in its meshes! She called in her soul to come and see.” Once you’ve unraveled that, you’ve unraveled Hurston, but it will likely take a lifetime. ____________________ While youre on a Hurston kick, pick up a  Their Eyes Were Watching God t-shirt over at the Book Riot store!

Aggression And Violent Video Games - 1900 Words

Running Head: AGGRESSION RELATES TO VIOLENT VIDEO GAMES 1 Violent Video Games Utilization Relating to Aggression Phyllis Hensel Montana State University-Bozeman Author Note I have written this mini paper/literature review to satisfy the requirements in Dr. Matthew Vess’s Research Design and Analysis II course (Psych. 225). I have been curious in the past regarding this subject, because I have a fourteen year old son that plays a few of these violent video games. I wanted to know the verities in regards to whether or not playing of these violent video games is linked to aggression. I learned a great deal of knowledge by my research on this subject, and I think that it really does depend on the person’s age, maturity level, and active parenting skills. If there are any questions regarding this mini paper/literature review, please contact me at (riveland3@gmail.com). (Submitted: Tuesday, October 28, 2014) AGGRESSION RELATES TO VIOLENT VIDEO GAMES 2 Abstract Five articles were reviewed to gain knowledge to the question; does violent video game utilization relate to aggression? Other articles do show conflicts, and will be addressed. The main article reviewed is written by (Kim, K., Sundar, S. 2013), which reveals that â€Å"presence†, â€Å"game controller†, and â€Å"larger screens† may enhance the environment around the viewer making it more like real life for them. These also are related to a higher state â€Å"presence† andShow MoreRelatedViolent Video Games And Aggression1780 Words   |  8 PagesAlthough there are many valid arguments to why violent video games lead to aggression which can turn into potential violate behavior, our group has found research that proves that violate video games do not contribute to aggression as much as the opposing view perceives. We have also found several flaws concerning these results which further supports our position. In addition, although this may be shocking, according to our research, violent video games, when played in the right content, can b e beneficialRead MoreViolent Video Game Effects On Aggression3491 Words   |  14 Pages Violent Video Game Effects on Aggression Delaney Granger William Jewell College Author Note Delaney Granger, William Jewell College This research was completed to fulfill requirements for a Psychology Capstone course instructed by Dr. Ray Owens. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Delaney Granger, Psychology Department, William Jewell College, Liberty, MO 64068. E-mail: grangerde@william.jewell.edu â€Æ' Abstract The effect of violent video games has constantly beenRead MoreViolent Video Games Cause Aggression in Violent Video Games Cause Aggression in Children and Should Be Regulated1316 Words   |  6 PagesVideo games have become such a huge popular form of media as they are enjoyed by every people from all age. They can be seen as indispensable sources of entertainment for kids and teenagers, serve as the relaxing and joyful time after working hard. However, why does video game become such a controversial thing and why have many scholars begun to study both the negative and positive side of video games, especially violent video games? After a long time of studying overall the controversy, many scholarsRead More Violent Video Games and Increased Aggression Essay2965 Words   |  12 Pagesbedroom, controller in hand, playing his favorite Nintendo game, Mortal Kombat Trilogy. With such gruesome events such as these happening almost constantly in an ever-increasing number of homes across America, one has to wonder, how is this going to affect our children? We have PlayStations, GameBoys, Nintendo 64s, Sega Dreamcasts, PCs, and more. All of these mediums offer people of all ages, including children, access to interactive, violent experiences such as the one depicted above. From the mediasRead More Violent Video Games and Aggression in Children Essay3450 Words   |  14 Pagesplaying video games has become one of the most popular hobbies worldwide. Not only has the video game industry become a multi-billion dollar industry, but it has attracted people from all age types. While video games today are played by both kids and adults, there are many issues being raised regarding the effects of video games. More particular, is the effect that violent video games may be having on children. Some critics argue that video games are direct indicators of child aggressi on while videoRead MoreEssay on Violent Video Games Raise Aggression1054 Words   |  5 Pagesactivities and games. Video games have become a very popular way to spend time and have fun from the 1970’s up to now. With new developments appeared different video game genres from adventure to racing, but the violent video games appear to be the most popular ones (Shin, 2003), for example: shooters, fighting and video games where you have to eliminate, destroy, or kill your enemies. Video games have become very influential on children and adults (Stafford, 1999). With violent video games humans areRead MoreViolent Video Games Do Not Cause Violence And Aggression1527 Words   |  7 PagesViolent Video Games Over the past few years, the United States has seen violence that has come from the inside of the country. Various high schools, have had shootings inside of them from some of the high school students that go to that specific school. Some experts blame the shootings by categorizing the students as someone who has been tormented and bullied basically most of life, while other experts believe the shootings were caused by the violence in video games. There has been a lot of nation-wideRead MoreEssay on Violent Video Games are the Root Cause of Youth Aggression1157 Words   |  5 Pagesone of the most popular being video games. Video games have come a long way since they were first introduced to the mainstream audience during the 1960’s and 1970’s and have drawn a large amount attraction among people of all ages and culture. However it wasn’t until the Play-station was released that violence became a concern to parents and politics. The level of violence in video ga mes have been in a matter of controversy dating all the way back to the classic games like Pacman and Space InvadersRead MoreArticle Summary : Effect Of Violent Video Games On Youth Aggression1861 Words   |  8 PagesEffect of Violent Video Games on Youth Aggression Beth L. Lynch APUS October 8, 2014 Abstract For many years researchers, parents, and policy makers have been debating the effect of video game violence on levels of youth aggression. In effect, the arguments have been centered on whether or not exposure to violent media has the power to potentiate violence in children, and whether or not this social influence has the ability, barring all other factors, to engender violent behavior inRead MoreDo Violent Video Games Promote Teen Aggression and Violence? 670 Words   |  3 Pagesteenagers playing video games and how it affects the youth mentally. Heavy consumption of violence video games does indeed stimulate a change reaction in the brain waves, but there is no hard evidence stating that those changes causes teenagers to act aggressively and violently. On the contrary, it is a popular beliefs that violence video games does indeed causes teenagers to displayed unpleasant behaviors and actions because that is what they learned and observed from the games. Therefore, parents

Gossip, Lies and College Papers for Sale

Gossip, Lies and College Papers for Sale The Dirty Facts About College Papers for Sale A business also needs to be in a position to revise a paper in case it wasn't well done. Just stick to a few actions to purchase college papers on sale and you're on your way to success. Anytime you would like to speak to our service, you get a fast reaction. There aren't any other research papers for sale that could match the quality we provide. The Supreme Strategy for College Papers for Sale The standard of our work is guaranteed, so should you really feel like something should be changed we'll edit your paper at no cost. You may be asking yourself where it is possible to purchase term papers cheap of the very best quality. If you get a term paper for college from our UK specialists, we'll deliver your paper when you require it. The college paper for sale that you chance to purchase is going to be a masterpiece of logic and thought and it's a significant illustration of what is possib le once you get assistance from an exceptional master. The major idea is already written and you ought to constitute conclusions. The next time you're considering skipping one of your assignments and on the lookout for an essay on sale online, think long and hard about how you're wasting your college fee. Don't despair, you're at the appropriate location, at the most suitable moment. Sometimes, it becomes so pressing they wind up buying essaysand term papers online since it isn't possible for them to complete their works in time. Any college paper demands specific well-developed writing skills, in addition to thorough understanding of basics and the capacity to apply it in practice. An essay is a certain genre. Despite the fact that it is a short prose, it still has to have a plan. Your essay is nearly ready and you can now tell the reader what you are likely to tell him. The decision to purchase a term paper for college from our expert writers is going to be the best that you could ever make. You will always have own writer that may aid you with papers. You should make sure that the group of our writers has an extensive knowledge in any way topics. Every writer who joins our team must be the best of the very best. College Papers for Sale: No Longer a Mystery Find out more about the sources which you use. Papers must deftly weave technical facets and practical small business solutions. Top College Papers for Sale Secrets In the current world it's very important to get a strong relation and a healthful atmosphere for both the employer and the employee. Our purpose is to obtain a notion of what has been made possible by blockchain to date, what problems will need to get solved to earn more progress in social problems, and what we can expect in another ten decades. It's possible to actually receive a sense of the experience that's overall you c an actually get yourself a sense of the cost as well as the procedure, and you will definitely be in a place to garner quite a tiny bit of inside information from pupils much like your self you'd not have gotten otherwise. College, the time of complete freedom, can look like a troublesome jail in case you don't understand how to handle the assignment overload. College Papers for Sale - Dead or Alive? You're going to be assigned a writer of your choice, who will deliver the outcomes you find on-time and with no hassle. It's quite easy to make an order for term papers for sale, as an example, you just have to compose all your requirements, time limits and watch for the results. Each customer who would like to make an order in the beginning time receives a discount. If you're looking college papers for sale on the internet you want to understand that everyone can get some help and time isn't an issue for them. College years are always filled with many events, and several studen ts start searching for employment possibilities. Attending college may be one of the most difficult periods in a student's life. College students often seek their buddies, parents or seniors for aid. All college students wish to stand out when it regards their academics. College paper for sale service is constructed with a high comprehension of the student's need. When you purchase the college papers, you are sure to find value for your wealth. Fortunately, if you're looking for excellent college papers for sale, we understand how to aid you. Additionally, there are college essay papers for sales that are much shorter when compared with the college term papers for sale. If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on College Papers for Sale Every paper is written in accordance with your requirements in order to fulfill your expectations. It's quite challenging to produce a research and find enough materials for an excellent academic work. Academic papers need thorough structuring. Our Harvard style papers are also custom written in line with the instructions supplied by our clientele.

Letter to the brazilian government regarding the amazonian rainforest Free Essays

I am writing to you to express my views and opinions about the Amazonian rainforest and the way it’s being exploited. I am fully aware that you, as a government, are being threatened to reduce the amount of trees you cut down from other countries; this letter may initially appear to be like those others, but I understand both sides of the argument, although I do strongly believe it is best that we protect the rainforest than destroy it. I do realize that you are desperately trying to develop into one of the world’s most economically developed countries. We will write a custom essay sample on Letter to the brazilian government regarding the amazonian rainforest or any similar topic only for you Order Now Whilst destroying the rainforest would originally generate a huge income, I understand, the profits would not be as great if the natural resources were to be managed in a sustainable approach in the future. Amazonia will eventually be deprived of its resources at this going rate – the effects this will cause will be difficult to resolve. Firstly, Amazonia is a way of life to the indigenous people; they have lived in this rainforest for thousands of years. If you were to destroy Amazonia, these people would be forced to leave their homes as their homeland/habitat would be in the way of loggers, and legal legislations would not permit the locals to stay put, as they do not possess ‘ownership deeds’, as you are aware of. This may cause more deforestation, as the tribes would have to find new areas in the rainforest to live – others may migrate (sometimes illegally) to other countries in South America or even around the world; so they will become more densely populated with mostly uneducated Brazilians, as, most of the indigenous people have never gone to school. At present, South America has an increasing population of roughly 371 million people. Notably, the most densely populated countries in South America are Brazil (186,112,794) followed by Colombia (42,954,279), Venezuela (25,375,231) and then Ecuador (13,363,593). Each of these countries are partly covered by the Amazonian Rainforest – if it were to be destroyed, a majority of these people would be likely to migrate to another country located in South America, probably a MEDC compared to the others, as it would be cheaper and easy to reach. By destroying the rainforest you would be putting your local civilization in jeopardy, just to make money, in which I would agree, this would improve the countries economy in the distant future – but it does not necessarily make this right. Not only would destroying the Amazonian rainforest have huge effects on the locals, the consequences of destroying it would make a global impact. Accordingly, the vegetation of the rainforest accounts for 20% of the world’s supply of oxygen – which could be a cause for concern to the native mammals on our planet. If the trees and plants were to be destroyed the CO2 would also cause a great risk; being released into the atmosphere, as a greenhouse gas, will contribute massively to global warming. Our descendants will suffer from these effects; be witnessing flooding and climate changes worldwide, if you were to act irresponsibly and destroy Amazonia. Can you imagine your children being affected by this global impact? It surely must defeat the morals of destroying the Amazonian Rainforest in the first place. As you must be aware of, the rainforest’s natural diversity is huge. It’s home to over 1000 different tree species; 40,000 plants, 2. 5 million insects, 3000 fish, 1,300 birds, 440 mammals, 430 amphibians and 380 reptiles. Destroying the habitats of the wide variety of these species will cause a majority of them to become extinct, as most can’t be found anywhere else in the world. It is because of the equatorial climate in your region of the world that these species exist, and the weather is perfect for them to survive and thrive. The plants, as you will know, oppose the potential in containing undiscovered medicines which can possibly cure fatal diseases; which could benefit the human civilization forever. This could possibly give you an alternative for making huge sums of money – extracting medicines that can cure world-wide spread diseases that will always be in demand. But on the other hand, destroying the rainforest will provide the world many valuable resources like hardwoods and building materials; which are imperative in global development. Your country would receive a substantial amount of money as these materials can be used for a lot of practical uses aswell – highlighting there world-wide benefits. Finally, destroying Amazonia would provide key professions, such as loggers, cattle ranchers and miners to the local people who seek employment which requires little/no education. This is important for them as they will be able to afford a better standard of life, in which their family will benefit from. But these people are only, however, interested in their own wealth fare – not the environment around them. They simply do not care about the millions of animals that will suffer from their actions – but it is you that can prevent this, or even just change these occurrences. However, this is understandable on their behalf; they need money to survive, but the reasons for deforestation are easily outshone by the fact that the rainforest needs to be preserved. In addition, those local people can capably make a relatively large amount of money if they were to work as an act of sustainable development. Simple farming methods could be taught to the local people, which are efficient in growing reasonable amounts of produce, time after time; these allotments would be placed in selected areas of the rainforest – therefore this allows different sections of Amazonia to be protected and local people can be provided with free knowledge and education, to benefit the quality of their produce and its efficiency of being more environmentally clean and effective. Mining companies could be restrained into only being able to mine only certain amounts/types of the minerals underneath the rainforest flooring, at different intervals during a year/month. Taxes can be installed on each ore the foreign companies extract, so the country itself would receive extra amounts of money from work they don’t participate in, as their own resources are being disposed. Once theses mines have been exhausted – deprived of all their natural resources – the companies must reforest the area, to help repair the damage to the environment. This possible legislation can also be applied to the logging industries. The trees cut down should be replaced immediately by the seeds of that species – afforestation. This would at least enable the survival of the vegetation in Amazonia in the future. Also once again, it could be acceptable to place a tax on the more expensive tree species which are cut down, which would decrease the companies profits which may prevent them from cutting down so many of them; and the local governments would receive this money which could possibly increase their yearly revenue dramatically . Ecotourism will provide employment for the local people, but more importantly boost the economy, just like all of the other sustainable activities, but the difference would be; the beneficial improvement to the popularity and reputation of the rainforest. Amazonia’s natural beauty will be appreciated as it deserves, with a minimal amount of deforestation, and a global demand to witness its magnificence, which will always be constant – fetching high prices from each tourist. The use of ecotourism could be extended to the creations of national reserves and parks, in and outside of Amazonia; which would provide a wide range of employment and the potential to be the most ‘exotic’ of the world’s national parks, which would make a visit there highly expensive and therefore profitable for the countries. By following these policies, horrific consequences are being prevented and compromises have been put into place to ensure that both groups of people, wanting to protect the rainforest and destroy the rainforest are happy with the agreement. If any of these legislations were to be broken then fines could be used to create negative publicity for the companies; which could decrease their popularity severely and damage the economical structure. In conclusion I strongly believe that you should try your up-most hardest to protect the Amazonian Rainforest. Whilst you have plenty of sustainable ways to provide your country with resources needed to develop efficiently, your local people can also benefit from the new legislations I strongly recommend you implement. If you were to decide to destroy the entire rainforest, global warming would endanger the world, and for that sole reason other countries would attempt to stop you, creating wars, in order to inevitably save the plant. Your only acceptable reason for cutting down the rainforest is to make money from the large amounts of natural resources you produce. But when the rainforest would be completely destroyed, you will have nothing that is valuable remaining. Moreover, the profit you would make from the various techniques of sustainable development, in a relatively short time period, at around a matter of a decade, would be greater than if you were to destroy the rainforest entirely. So you could receive a better ‘turn-over’ from saving the planet, eventually. It is not essential that you totally cut down the rainforest. Destroying it will cause far more arguments and worldwide horror than leaving Amazonia to provide us with the resources required. How to cite Letter to the brazilian government regarding the amazonian rainforest, Papers

The Great Gatsby Critical Lens Essay Example

The Great Gatsby Critical Lens Essay Throughout history information has been passed down through time from generation to generation. Literature is one of the most important aspect of a peoples’ culture that is passed down and inherited. Whether it be myths, legends, cooking recipes, plays, short stories and so on and so forth, writings have been shared through both oral traditions and written records. It is not long before these pieces of literature become the embodiment of that nation. The Russian author, Alexander Isayevich Solzhenitsyn, once said â€Å"Literature transmits unquestionable condensed experience†¦from generation to generation. In this way, literature becomes the living memory of a nation†. He is correct in saying this and his quote can be proven true through the use of characterization and setting in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The Great Gatsby sets its scene in the Long Island region of New York during the summer of 1922. The time period that this story takes place in is pivotal to how the story unfolds and why the course of events happen in the manner in which they do. The 1920s is known in the United States as a decade of incredible economic success. In this novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald the story focuses on the negative and less known aspects of this era. With the end of the first World war only a few years past in 1918, there was a dizzying and staggering rise of the stock market that led to a sudden and sustained increase in the nation’s wealth. A new found sense of materialism was discovered as people began to spend and consume at unprecedented levels. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Gatsby Critical Lens specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Gatsby Critical Lens specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Gatsby Critical Lens specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Fitzgerald provides an accurate judge of American character in The Great Gatsby during the 1920s. His book is a perceptive and astute account of the time in which he obviously studied and then successfully captured the angst of society drama and the sadness of lost love and the promise that lurks just beneath the roar of the twenties. This novel is known the world over today as an accessible door into the history of that time period. Like Solzhenitsyn said â€Å"†¦literature becomes the living memory of a nation† and so is the case with The Great Gatsby. Characterization in the novel is vital when attempting to understand the complex personalities of the characters in the book. In The Great Gatsby social status can be considered to be a defining quality by the characters in the book. It naturally becomes a means by which we the reader come to define the characters. Fitzgerald’s characters develop along the lines of self-indulgence, ignorance, and complete disregard for the real world in which they do not and do not want to belong or even acknowledge. The overarching cynicism of the characters, the empty pursuit of happiness that they tried to achieve, and the destruction of the idea of the â€Å"American dream† are just some of the things that occurred in this time period in the United States. While most people deem the 1920s as prosperous and booming and leave it at that, Fitzgerald portrays it as an era of social and moral decimation in which all his characters were money hungry, greedy, and recklessly ignorant. Readers who will look back on The Great Gatsby in hopes of acquiring insight into that time in history will discover that our nation appeared to be one thing on the surface but another one entirely if one dug deep enough. Overall The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is a prime example of a book that fully embodies a decade’s worth of history. It paints an accurate picture of who people really were back then and how little they really cared about things that were bigger then the next party they planned to attend. Alexander Isayevich Solzhenitsyn was right when he said that â€Å"literature transmits unquestionable condensed experience†¦from generation to generation. In this way, literature becomes the living memory of a nation†. There are an abundance of examples given to the reader of this book that supports this conclusion. Overall, The Great Gatsby is a story told in a point of view that brings a realistic feel to the book and provides a clearer and accurate understanding of America’s past.

How to Write an Advertisement Critique Essay

How to Write an Advertisement Critique Essay Writing an Advertisement Critique Essay What is an advertisement critique essay? How to start an advertisement analysis: Tips on how to start How to write an outline How to write a thesis for an advertisement critique essay How to write an introduction Tips on how to write an introduction and thesis How to write body paragraphs Tips on body writing How to finish an advertisement critique essay Tips on conclusion writing Advertisement analysis revision: Tips on revision Advertisement critique essay sample Advertising plays an important role in todays world. There are people who depend on advertising for their livelihood while others have built multi-billion dollar companies from advertising. It is estimated that in a year, people spend up to $450 billion and for the U.S. accounts for a third of the above amount. Therefore, advertising is indeed an important sector. What is an advertisement critique essay? The above information is essential for an essay writer to develop their advertisement analysis. However, one should, first of all, understand what an advertising analysis is as well as its main features. An advertising critique essay can be described as a paper whose aim is to deeply examine an ad and provide a comprehensive analysis of the same. Its features are not different to that of other essays because it will have an introduction with a thesis statement, a body with several topic sentences, and finally a conclusion. However, you need to ensure your writing focuses solely on the ad and that you provide your verdict on the ad. How to start an advertisement analysis: Tips on how to start Every accomplished writer will tell you that starting an essay is the most difficult stage. The start will always present you with some challenges. However, as you keep writing, you grow as a writer and your increased experience will help handle and tackle any kind of paper. To start an advertisement analysis, consider the following tips: Choose an ad you understand and like to write on. Ensure you are familiar with the product being advertised. Vaguely describe the ad. Look at the ad keenly and note everything you find interesting or that captures your attention. Develop an argument you wish to express in your paper. Develop an outline. How to write an outline An outline is simply a map or a prototype of your paper. It should encompass your main ideas as well as anything you wish to have in your paper. It should also be structured into an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. This is essential because it helps you define the information that goes into each segment. Make your outline brief but thorough. This will help to make your work easier because you will simply be filling up data or information. Separate your points and make sure each stands on its own. How to write a thesis for an advertisement critique essay As already stated, you cannot write about an ad you do not understand. Therefore, first know what a thesis statement is and what it does before you get to how to write it. A brief explanation is as follows: a thesis statement is a statement carrying your main argument or the point you wish to express to your audience. The basic things you need to understand here include: Make it brief and clear. Ensure it is detailed enough to communicate your main point or argument. How to write an introduction An introduction is the most important part of your paper. It not only draws the attention of your readers but also ensures they are interested enough to read the entire article. You, therefore, need to ensure it is as interesting as possible. You should also make it brief but detailed enough to capture and communicate your main argument. The above simply means you need to include your thesis statement. Tips on how to write an introduction and thesis To better explain what the above section is communicating, consider the following tips: Start with a hook. A hooks aim is to capture the attention of your audience; it is always the first or second sentence. Provide a general summary of the ad. This includes the company, the product, etc. Include your thesis statement in your introduction. How to write body paragraphs Body paragraphs mainly build on your thesis statement. They help to expound your argument further by using other smaller arguments. While writing the body paragraphs, you need to ensure that each paragraph begins with a topic sentence. Topic sentences are then followed by supporting sentences which simply provide support or evidence to your topic sentences. Tips on body writing Use topic sentences to start your paragraphs. Typically the body should be 3-5 paragraphs long unless stated otherwise. Cite any information you include and that is not your original idea. Mention or indicate the ads targeted audience. Mention some of the strategies used in the ad to make it more appealing to the audience. Provide the textual strategies used in the ad. How to finish an advertisement critique essay In the conclusion, you need to recap or provide a summary of your paper including the arguments used in your paper. You also need to have a restatement of your thesis statement. The finishing of a paper is indeed important. You need to make it memorable and in a way that will be difficult for your audience to forget. Tips on conclusion writing For an advertisement critique essay, you need to consider the following tips as you write your conclusion: Recap your article by providing a small summary of your writing. Restate your thesis statement. Provide recommendations on how the ad could be improved. Discuss implications of the ad on the cultural, political, social aspects of the society. Advertisement analysis revision: Tips on revision Revising your articles should be an important and mandatory step as a writer. Revising means re-reading your article and correcting any mistakes you find in your essay. While revising your paper consider the following tips: Use online grammar checkers to help you correct some of the punctuation and grammatical errors. Give a trusted friend or family member your article to read and to offer genuine feedback. Cite any piece of information which is not original. Advertisement critique essay sample Coca-Cola is by far the most profitable soft drinks company. The company is not only adaptive but also keeps reinventing itself which makes it more adorable and gives the customers little chance of ignoring their products. Their new advert dubbed Taste the Feeling is indeed reminiscent of the company’s prowess in ensuring that clients keep buying their products. The ad is not only appealing but also prompts one to go get a Coca-Cola bottle. The Taste the Feeling ad not only and successfully unites all of the company’s products but also helps to showcase why the company is where it is. First of all, the ad is simple and is also fitted with appropriate captions which seek to explain every moment that could be spent with an ice-cold Coke. The audience is obviously the young consumers or the millennials whose lifestyle could accommodate the taste of Coca-Cola. It is also fair to say that the ad does achieve its purpose and goes ahead and uses characters whose lifestyle is reminiscent of the target audience. Secondly, the ad appeals to the emotions of everyone who is watching by including a series of emotionally charged moments. In all these moments, the ad shows a coke being enjoyed thus helping to calm the characters’ nerves down or to simply help them enjoy the moment more. Here, the company was trying to make secure its position as the leader in the soft drinks industry. Additionally, one can say that the company was also trying to endear itself to the customers even more. Thirdly, the message was also clear and one could sense the pleasure of drinking Coca-Cola. The goal was trying to show how the drink makes moments special and more even more nostalgic. By using this mode or direction of advertising, it is possible to get or to grasp the attention of viewers. Everyone will simply be wishing for the specialness of having an ice-cold Coca-Cola bottle whenever they are having or thinking of special moments. In conclusion, it is difficult to get a negative aspect of the ad. It not only captures one attention but also unites the products of the company. The theme which is simple and catchy is also something that is unforgettable and therefore, helps to make it more appealing. It is indeed difficult to beat this particular ad and other companies ought to be aware.

Make Case Study Writing Manageable

Make Case Study Writing Manageable Make Case Study Writing Manageable Case studies are one of the most difficult things to write. There are very specific formats to be followed. Sometimes they can be complicated for people that have never attempted this type of writing. Research needs to be documented so it can be confirmed by someone else at a later date (if necessary). All graphics need to be checked for potential typographical errors and consistency. Writing even a small case study can be challenging, and why so many new writers can benefit from the help of an academic writing service. Writing a case study has several steps. First, gather all relevant information, sift and organize it to make a convincing case. In a pre-digital era information could be spread out over a huge physical area with note cards, books, reports, and folders. One advantage of using laptops and desktops is that all that information can be scanned in and kept in a single thumb drive or in the cloud. Not only can you work on a case study wherever you wish, it keeps your workspace organized. The next step is to start organizing in a clear and coherent way. This can be facilitated by a renaming and sorting files, or dividing resources into a few physical piles. By classifying sources into different categories, a better narrative can be developed. Better yet, your directories and files can later be digitally shared with others, giving them easy access to the information. Once this has been done the writing itself can take place. Using an academic writing assistance service can be a huge help in this endeavour. A professional writing service can teach you how to create any necessary graphics, adding a little extra panache to the study and better organizing information that may have been merely input into a plain-looking table. They can also check for typographical and factual errors. This makes the effort much easier for any person in charge of a case study. All told, a academic writing assistance service can save a lot of stress and time, making it well worth the investment. For those looking to make an impression on readers, this service is well worth the investment. For those more concerned with the research, help with writing is a welcome relief. Contact Master’s Essay today to get started.

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 13

Business Law - Essay Example Clearly, the absence of a written partnership agreement between Jamie and Joe/Jack does not negate the fact that they both entered into a partnership agreement. Its existence may therefore be inferred from other grounds such as entering into business contracts with third parties in the name of or in representation of the partnership. Having established the existence of a partnership agreement between Jamie and Joe/Jack, the latter is liable for the funds as well as the other assets of the partnership, with special mention (Last Name) 2 of Jamie’s trademark and special design processes which Joe/Jack sold to clients without the consent and/or knowledge of Jamie. Section 404 Paragraph b of the Uniform Partnership Act of 1997 clearly states that, â€Å"(b) A partner’s duty of loyalty to the partnership and the other partners is limited to the following: (1) to account to the partnership and hold as trustee for it any property, profit, or benefit derived by the partner in the conduct and winding up of the partnership business or derived from a use by the partner of partnership property, including the appropriation of a partnership opportunity; (2) to refrain from dealing with the partnership in the conduct or winding up of the partnership business as or on behalf of a party having an interest adverse t o the partnership; and (3) to refrain from competing with the partnership in the conduct of the partnership business before the dissolution of the partnership.†

H.W Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

H.W - Assignment Example For managers, allowing employees to work in teams influences the success of the organization, but this also requires the application of work design as a way of fostering high productivity for the same. Therefore, it is imperative for managers to innovate ways that can help in improving team performance for the benefit of the organization and the target market that they serve. One way of a manager can improve team performance can be through the fostering of cohesion within the team by making sure that they treat them fairly and without any bias. Further, providing of equal opportunities to all can also influence team performance as it helps in drawing out the best nof each team member for the benefit of the organization. Motivation is also another way that a manager can use for influencing team performance by providing bonuses to those that perform extraordinarily, which can also influence other team members to be better. As the team leader, the first step would be to allow each of the six team members to provide their ideas on which of the recommended software is the best and also allow them to provide reasons for them supporting or not supporting this software. Therefore, my plan would be to assign each of the team members to research on the possible software that the insurance company is likely to purchase and allow them to gather information on the merits and demerits of each of these. This would help each of the team members to participate in the process and allow each of them to contribute fairly rather than shooting the ideas of each other down. The least effective team that I have ever worked with is that which recommends things to be done as this does not see through that the ideas that they provide are implemented. One characteristic that this team had was that its only involvement was in the planning and research process of product or

Enterprise resource planning

Enterprise resource planning 1. INTRODUCTION Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are among the most important business information technologies to emerge in the last decade. The basic concept of Enterprise Systems is focused mainly on standardization, synchronization and improved efficiency. Thousands of major construction firms and increasing numbers from other sectors as well, either have just completed their first ERP implementations or are in the middle of this major undertaking. ERP systems can be defined as configurable information systems packages which integrate information and process across organisational functional areas (Kumar and Hillegersberg, 2000). The benefits of Enterprise Systems are very significant: coordinating processes and information, reducing carrying costs, decreasing cycle time and improving responsiveness to customer needs (Davenport 2000). Keeping the project on schedule, under budget and the quality are usually are the main problem that has been faced by the construction industry. Construction industry is one of the major industries in contributing the economy, eventhough it is measured to be one of the most highly fragemented, inefficient and geographically detached industries in the world (Chung, 2007). To overcome this inefficiency, a number of solutions have long been offered including implementation of IT. In the context of the construction industry, ERP would be defined as a computer-based business management system that integrates all processes and data of the business, including engineering/design, planning, procurement, construction and maintenance/operations (Tatari et al. 2007). Now a days numbers of major construction companies are implementing the integrated IT solutions such as ERP systems to better integrate their various functions. However, these integrated systems in construction present a set of unique challenges, different from those in the manufacturing or other service sector industries. Each construction project is characterized by a unique set of site conditions, a unique performance team, and the temporary nature of the relationships between project participants. This means a construction business organization needs extensive customization of pre-integrated business applications from ERP vendors. Unfortunately, such an extensive customization can lead a construction firm to ERP implementation failure. The ERP applications that are used by construction industry can be classified into two distinct groups: pre-packaged Software, and Web-based Project Management System (WPMS). Currently, the worlds biggest pre-packaged ERP software contributors involve SAP, Oracle, PeopleSoft, J.D. Edwards, and Baan. SAP is said to have about 60% of the world market (Holland, Light, Kawalek, 1999). 2. Problem Statement ERP has become an essential part of enterprise method over the globe. Use of ERP in other sectors is being stable and growing. Its critical influence within designing novel business environments and procedures has been noteworthy. Different organizations in assorted subdivisions have dedicated to paying out and have already paid out large summations of capital for the implementation of ERP in their organizations. These equivalent companies possess been able towards document major improvements, both concrete and elusive, within their campaigns as a outcome of ERP implementation. Large number of organizations have implemented ERP in their process and make it more effective and profitable. The same observation can be made for some of the most successful corporations in the world. The question needs towards be asked why is this? What are a number of the listened benefits that inflict corporations devote towards the implementation of ERP within their organizations? According to Oliver, Romm (2002), in common with other types of investment activity the adoption of an ERP system is a purposive intervention by an organization for bringing about a new state of affairs that is judged to be superior to the current state. The most bulk valued factor that are often stated as a intent for performing to the implementation of ERP: Integration Access of Information Improvement in process Thoughtfulness in business Dissatisfaction with out dated legacy systems After implementing ERP companies have been competent to enhance costumer relation, strengthen delivering the flexible supply chain partnerships, improving the organizational flexibility, improve decision-making competency and decreasing task culmination time and cost (Ahmed, and Ahmed, Azhar, Mallikarjuna, 2003). Although Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) has been completely applied by various associations internationally, within almost everybody of the else principal industrial sectors, its utilization in the building industry has been limited to exert via a few large organizations The greatest gatherings of construction administration that have either failed in their efforts to take on this technology, or are not very apparent with it are Small and Mid Size Construction Organizations. These organizations comprises the strength of the construction industry and have their possess specified commercial and operational needs. The failure of Small and Mid Size Construction Organizations to adopt ERP, despite all its promise advantages, is a problem that desires to be addressed. It can be proposed that 2. RESEARCH PURPOSE The overall purpose of this research is to assess the critical success factors for the implementation of ERP systems to support construction industry and to what extent it is being used in enterprise integration and the benefits derived from using ERP systems. Furthermore, success factors coupled with the organizational performance will be assessed and validated. The relationship between the perceived performances will be assessed against the influence of upper management support, role of project champion in managing change in the organization, the level of organizational emphasis on communication and training, and organizational experience with ERP systems. 3. RESEARCH AIM The proposed research endeavours to investigate the following questions: What issues and problems faced by Construction organisations during the implementation of ERP systems? How can problems be reduced in implementing complex new technology into the existing structure of an organization? What must be considered, from the organizational as well as the technical perspective, to effectively integrate the technology and people in the organization who use it? Although this study cannot fully answer these questions, this research will provide valuable information concerning the technological and management systems used to support Construction organizations. Evaluation of implementation and problem issues will serve to further support management decision making. 4. RESEARCH QUESTIONS This research will identify the characteristics of ERP systems used in todays Construction industry. The results of this research will provide additional realistic information for construction organizations seeking to implement ERP systems, providing recommendations pertaining to the issues that must be addressed for companies to avoid critical problems in their own implementation of ERP systems. Questions to address: What are the critical success factors for implementing ERP system in a Construction organization? Is upper management support crucial to the success of ERP systems? What are the change management strategies the management should employed to help the successful implementation and performance of ERP systems? Is the success of ERP system depends upon the level of effective communication and the employee education and training? The generalized question to which this research will contribute is: What are the basic factors that determine the success of ERP systems implementation in regards to the ability of the system to influence organizational performance? When an organization decides to implement and integrate an extended, inter-departmental computer system into its operations, what issues must be addressed to indemnify that the computer application system will effectively contribute to organizational performance improvement? 5. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The objectives of this research are as follows: To independently obtain current information regarding the state of ERP systems in Construction organization today. To determine the critical success factors for implementing an ERP system in Construction organisation. To survey current users about factors that contribute to the success of ERP systems, especially in regards to effective communication, user training techniques, change management and the effect of upper management support. This will serve to validate previous research as well as obtain more information about successful experiences in industry. 6. Research method The research method appropriate for this research project will be of qualitative nature through an interpretive case study, where data collection techniques will consist of thorough literature review, secondary data review of documentation regarding the ERP project and interviews from senior computer, technical and management consultants. 2. Literarture Review 1. INTRODUCTION Literature is a term that refers to all sources of published data and Literature Review is a written summary about the findings from the literature (Hussey and Hussey, 1997). A literature review helps in establishing what research has been conducted on the researchers chosen area of study and also to identify what research is currently in progress (Saunders et al., 2000). In order to research into Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, a thorough literature review has been conducted with a centre of attention placed on ERP systems and the implementation of these systems in Construction organizations. Previous papers on ERP implementation projects will be reviewed focusing on successes and previous failures in ERP projects. As the research site is Hindustan Construction Company Ltd., the coonstruction sector has also been reviewed. 2. ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING 2.1The ERP Phenomena ERP systems are highly integrated software packages (Holland et al., 1999) that can be customised to cater for the specific needs of an organisation (Boudreau and Robey, 2000; Esteves and Pastor, 2001; Laberis, 1999). The concepts that have been evaluated and, at times, utilized by construction organizations in achieving the goal of improved efficiency through better management of collaborated knowledge is Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)(Negahban and Baecher 2008). ERP systems have been defined to be a computer program that provides a general working platform for all departments of an enterprise with their management functions being integrated into the program (Jingsheng Halpin, 2003). Several definitions from the published literature are given to further explain the concept: ERP (enterprise resource planning systems) comprises of a commercial software package that promises the seamless integration of all the information flowing through the company-financial, accounting, human resources, supply chain and customer information (Davenport, 1998). ERP systems are configurable information systems packages that integrate information and information-based processes within and across functional areas in an organization (Kumar and Van Hillsgersberg, 2000). One database, one application and a unified interface across the entire enterprise (Tadjer, 1998). ERP systems are computer-based systems designed to process an organizations transactions and facilitate integrated and real-time planning, production, and customer response (OLeary, 2001). Kapp et al. (2001) defined ERP as a system of integrated procedure, rules and algorithms designed to function consistently time and time again (p. 85). The key point in an ERP system is integration. The purpose of ERP is to create one computer system that can perform all the functions of every department within an organization by linking all the departments into one single database. What ERP really does is organize, codify, and standardize an enterprises business processes and data. According to Negahban, S, 2008 By utilizing this technology would allow the construction industry to harness the power of collective knowledge. In addition, regulatory and competitive forces, financial demands of owners, and an ever-shortening timeline to finish projects contributed to an increased pace of the utilization of this technology in the construction industry. It took the construction industry longer than other industries to realize the importance of the utilization of IT applications in improving the possibility of ultimate success in an integrated project environment. 2.2 Evolution of ERP The history of ERP can be traced back in 1960s, when the system focuses mainly towards inventory control (Seo, 1999). During 1970s, a shift of focus towards MRP (Material Requirement Planning) was observed. This system helped in translating the master production schedule into requirements for individual units like sub assemblies, components and other raw material planning and procurement. This system was involved mainly in planning the raw material requirements (Kalakota and Robinson, 2001). Then, in 1980s came the concept of MRP-II (Manufacturing Resource Planning) which involved optimizing the entire plant production process (Seo, 1999; Kalakota and Robinson, 2001). In the beginning, MRP-II was an extension of MRP to include shop floor and distribution management activities. Afterwards, it was further extended to include areas like Finance, Human Resource, Engineering, Project Management etc (Seo, 1999). This gave birth to ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) which covered the cross-functional coordination and integration in support of the production process (Seo, 1999; Kalakota and Robinson, 2001). The role of enterprise resource planning (ERP) does not match its name. It is no longer related to planning and resources, but is rather related to the enterprise aspect of the name. ERP attempts to unify all systems of departments together into a single, integrated software program based on a single database so that various departments can more easily share information and communicate with each other.(chung,2007).The ERP include the entire range of a companys activities. It addresses both system requirements and technology aspects including client/server distributed architecture, RDBMS, object oriented programming etc (Bancroft, 1996). ERP systems are designed as an integrated set of software modules, all linked to a common database, handling a host of corporate functions such as finance, human resources, material management, sales etc. (Slater, 1998). Russell and Taylor (1995) suggested that the ERP of today differ from traditional MRP II system in the areas of relational database management, graphical user interface (GUI), fourth generation languages (4GL), client-server architecture and open system capabilities. In addition, Kapp et al. (2001), stated that the differences between ERP and MRP II is the inclusion of a variety of manufacturing processes within ERP, in which modern ERP software is able to handle both discrete work orders and flow orders, JIT and MRP, EDI, and hand-entered orders (p. 86). Wainewright (2002) also stated that MRP was used for tracking suppliers, work-in progress and the output of finished goods, while ERP was used for all type of business with additional functions including financials, payroll and human resources management. Furthermore, Kremzar and Wallace (2001) also stated that ERP is far better than MRP II for three reasons: a) ERP applies a single set of resource planning tools across the entire e nterprise, b) ERP provides real-time integration of sales, operating, and financial data, and c) ERP connects resource planning approaches to the extended supply chain of customers and suppliers. According to Koch(2002) the main reasons that companies take ERP are summarize below: Because of its Integrated Financial Information i.e. to create a single version of information which cannot be questioned because all the members of the company use the same system. The information is integrated on one system rather than scattered on many different systems that cannot communicate which each other, so that the company can track orders and can coordinate with different related departments across many different location at the same time. It standarized and speed up the process using single integated system which can save time and increase productivity. Reduces inventory by improving the observation ability of the order process inside the company. The popularity of ERP systems started to soar in 1994 when SAP, a German based company, released its next generation software known as R/3 (SAP, 2003). In the following years, companies began to pour billions into ERP systems offered by SAP and its major competitors such as Oracle, Baan, J.D. Edwards, etc. Recently, ERP vendors add more modules and functions as add-ons to the core modules giving birth to the new term i.e. extended ERPs or ERP II (Adam and Sammon, 2004). It is the enterprise systems for the 21st century. These ERP extensions include advanced planning and scheduling (APS), e-business solutions such as customer relationship management (CRM) and supply chain management (SCM) (Bhattacherjee, 2000). ERP II systems are about optimizing the supply chain through collaboration with trading partners. It crosses all sectors and segments of business, including service industries, government, and asset-based industries like mining (Turban et al. 2001). According to Zrimsek (2003), ERP II systems is web-based, open to integrate and interoperate with other systems, and built around modules or components that allow users to choose just the functionality they need. Figure 1 summarizes the historical events related with ERP. 2.3 ERP Functions, Purpose of ERP Systems Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are software driven business management system which integrates all facets of the business, including manufacturing, planning, sales and distribution, financials and human resources (Kuang et al., 2001). It is a system that integrates all information that runs through an organisation (Davenport, 1998) and can be categorised as a large information system. It can be customised to cater the needs of an organization (Watson and Schneider, 1999). During 1990s ERP systems became the de-facto standard for replacement of legacy systems in large, and particularly multi-national companies (Parr and Shanks, 2000) ERP systems become more widely implemented, software applications are developed to help business managers implement ERP in diverse business activities such as project planning and management, subcontracting, material tracking, service, finance and human resources (tatari,2009) However, enterprise systems expanded to include back office functions (such as operations, logistics, finance, and human resources) and non transaction-based systems (Davenport, 1998) or front-office functions (such as sales, marketing, and customer service), as integral components of ERP systems (Davenport, 1998; Chen, 2001). This expansion result from the emergence of Supply Chain Optimization (SCO) (Chen, 2001), or Supply Chain Management (SCM) (Turban et al., 2001) and CRM strategies and systems (Chen, 2001), as illustrated in Figure 2. Turban et al. (2001) referred to this beyond the corporate walls integration as extreme integration (p. 304). Turban et al. (2001) further commented that in this approach to integration, SCM can be viewed as the brain and ERP as the strong body (p. 305). While the names and numbers of modules in an ERP system provided by various software vendors may differ, a typical system integrates all these functions by allowing its modules to share and transfer information freely and centralizing all information in a single database accessible by all modules (Chen, 2001). Provided in Figure 3 is an overview of an ERP system. Due to the importance of these systems in terms of added functionality over legacy systems and potential integration benefits, a large number of organisations are adopting these systems to manage their operations (Ross, 1999). They adopt these systems due to various technical or business reasons. Technical reasons include Y2K issues (myth), replacing legacy system that did not work etc. Organisations that have successfully implemented ERP systems view them as one of the most important innovations that have lead to the realization of substantial tangible and intangible improvements in a variety of areas (Davenport, 2000). Five other reasons for acquiring an ERP system are: 1) to integrate financial information, 2) to integrate customer order information, 3) to standardize and speed up manufacturing processes, 4) to reduce inventory level, and 5) to standardize Human Resource information (Koch, 2002). According to Kremzar and Wallace (2001), operating the business in a rapidly changing and highly competitive environment is the primary purpose of implementing an ERP system. Various studies have been done focussing on adoption and implementation of software applications (Harrison et al., 1997; Lassila and Brancheau 1999). However, the enterprise-wide implications, high resource commitment, high potential business benefits and risks associated with ERP systems make their implementation a much more complex exercise in innovation and change management than any other software package (Nelson and Somers, 2001; Gefen, 2000). Radding (1999) argued that when an organisation puts millions of dollars into a core business application and reengineers its business processes around it, the system is destined to become much more than an application. 2.4 General Perspective of Todays ERP Systems For over a decade the ERP system has had major impact on the manufacturing industry. Besides manufacturing companies, the ERP system has also gone further to serve the other industries. According to Boyle (2000), the ERP system is also linked with the web and e- commerce applications and beginning to use web browsers as the graphical user interface. Management was not using ERP to its full potential. Today, ERP is the foundation of businesses domestically and globally (White et al., 1999). It is used as a management tool and gives organizations a great competitive advantage (Koch, 2002). As ERP systems become more widely implemented, software applications are developed to help business managers implement ERP in diverse business activities such as project planning and management, subcontracting, material tracking, service, finance and human resources.(tatari,2009) Most of the ERP packages, today, provide multiple language and currency capabilities, allowing operations in different countries to become more integrated (Computerworld, 1998). In an era of globalization, such characteristics are very appealing for organizations desiring to expand their activities worldwide without losing control over them. The popularity of ERP is evidenced in a study that showed that nearly 19 percent of organizations across all industry sectors have installed ERP software (Computer Economics, 1999). The study also showed that the popularity of ERP continues to rise, with 34 percent of the surveyed organizations investigating, piloting, or implementing ERP packages. Davenport (1998) characterized ERP as the most important development in the corporate use of information technology in the 1990s (p. 122). 2.5 ERP Systems and Construction Organizations In the construction industry, because of the fragmented nature of the business, ERP implementation and utilization has not reached the same level as the other industrial sectors; however, the construction industry has finally awakened to importance of ERP, even though it is lagging behind other major industries that have been utilizing ERP to improve their efficiencies and bottom lines. (negahban,2008) There has been a remarkable improvement in both the speed and ability to conform to logical, customer-oriented business processes with the configurable and more flexible ERP systems (Donovan, 1998). In fact, now days, the management can chose from number of ERP products that come with multiple best practice options. The old MRP systems were very rigid as predefined business processes were embedded in the software making it difficult to adapt to the real needs of a manufacturing business (Seo, 1999). Customizing an off-the-shelf MRP system was expensive, difficult, risky and unusually time-consuming. As a result, companies had to make their order fulfilment process in such a way so as to accommodate the vendors predefined MRP software process but it greatly limits the managements ability to adjust their order fulfilment process to cope with changing customer requirements and to create a competitive advantage (Donovan, 1998). With todays developments in ERP software technology, compani es have an opportunity not only to configure business processes at much more reasonable cost and risk but also to create the opportunity for a competitive advantage (Kalakota and Robinson, 2001). The success of ERP in manufacturing enterprises resulted in its adoption by some large construction companies (ML Payton Consultants 2002; Voordijk et al. 2003). The high expectation of achieving all-round cost savings and service improvements is very much dependent on how good the chosen ERP system fits to the organizational functionalities and how well the tailoring and configuration process of the system matched with the business culture, strategy and structure of the organization. By implementing right ERP system, the organization significantly improve its entire order-to-delivery process, increase its ability to service customers at a lower cost and also better forecast its sales and other business activities, which is a competitive advantage (Harvard Business School, 1997). With ERP, it is possible to share and exchange information in digital format throughout the project life cycle. Thus, information is stored only once and all project participants are able to access this information in real-time(tatari,2009) Generally an ERP system is expected to improve both backbone and front-end functions simultaneously. Organizations decide to install ERP systems for many tangible and intangible benefits and strategic reasons. In various cases the calculation of return on investment (ROI) is weighted against the many intangible and strategic benefits (Gefen, 2000). However, to get the benefits of ERP systems, organizations need to undertake some problems and disadvantages. The advantages and disadvantages that organizations face after implementing ERP are given below: Benefits of ERP systems Integrating the organizations activities by processing a large majority of an organizations transactions (OLeary, 2001) and managing the information needs of companies (Gefen, 2000; Baskerville et al., 2000). Facilitation of intra-organization communication and collaboration (OLeary, 2001). ERP does the integrating job, allowing the business to spend less time figuring out whats going on and more time for improving (Slater, 1999). Options exist to purchase only the modules needed presently and acquire any extra modules needed in the future (Gefen, 2000). ERPs use an enterprise-wide database which allows access to the data in real time (OLeary, 2001). Both small and large companies can benefit both technically and strategically from investments in enterprise systems (Markus and Tanis, 2000) as they enable organizational standardization, eliminate information asymmetries and provide on-line and real-time information (OLeary, 2001). Disadvantages of ERP systems ERPs can have a negative impact on the work practices and culture of an organization (Allen and Kern, 2001; Soh et al., 2000). It takes an average of 8 months after the new system is installed to see any benefits (Koch et al., 1999). Lack of feature-function fit between the companys needs and the packages available (Markus and Tanis, 2000). The need for competent consulting staff to extensively customize the ERP (Gefen, 2000) to increase the acceptance of a new system. There is a need for extensive technical support prior to its actual use (Gefen, 2000). 2.6 ERP Systems Architecture ERP vendors understood the limitations of the old legacy information systems, i.e. MRP/MRPII systems, used in large enterprises of the 1970s and 1980s. Some of these old systems were developed in-house while others were developed by different vendors using several different languages, database management systems and packages, creating number of incompatible solutions unfit for the data flow between them (Seo, 1999). It was not easy to enhance the capacity of such systems or the users were unable to upgrade them with the organizations business changes, strategic goals and new information technologies (Chen, 2001). ERP systems are recognized for their databases and interdepartmental linkages. ERP structure provides a basis for MRP systems to become an enterprise integration tool (Kalakota and Robinson, 2001). Enterprise integration is viewed as developing the availability and accessibility of information within an extended corporate system and using the information system to efficientl y coordinate both the decisions and actions of thousands of individuals (Enterprise Integration Laboratory, Univ. of Toronto, 1994). To operate in an enterprise sense, the organizations need to distribute their applications for costing, planning, scheduling etc to accommodate the multiple layers of the organization, its work centers, sites, divisions and management levels (Turban et al., 2001). Multiple languages and currencies are also being included for global applications (Chase and Aquilano, 1995). The characteristics of an ERP system are as follows: Modular design containing many distinct business modules such as financial, manufacturing, accounting, distribution, etc (Davenport, 1998; Chen, 2001). Use centralized common database management system (DBMS). It is based on distributed, client/server computer systems (Wood and Caldas, 2001, p. 387). The modules are integrated and provide seamless data flow, increasing operational transparency through standard interfaces (Holland et al., 1999). It is generally complex system involving high cost (Davenport, 1998). It is flexible and offer best business practices (Davenport, 2000). It requires time-consuming tailoring and configuration setups to integrate with the business functions of company (Gefen, 2000). The various functional modules work in real time with online and batch processing capabilities (Davenport et al., 1998). Different ERP vendors offer different ERP systems with some level of specialty but the core modules are almost the same for all of them. The main ERP modules found in the successful ERP systems are as follows (Turban et al., 2001): Accounting management Financial management Manufacturing management Productio Enterprise resource planning Enterprise resource planning ERP Evaluation and Selection process. A successful ERP project requires selecting an ERP solution, implement the solution, manage changes and examine the practicality of the system, Wei and Wang, (2004). Wrong ERP solution choice would either fail the implementation or weaken the system to a greater impact on the enterprise, Hicks, (1995); Wilson, (1994). Most enterprises often jump into looking at ERP functions and features rather than examining the strategy and business processes. It is important for management to know the current strategy, processes and supporting systems compared to what they could be with the new systems, Donovan, (2001). For most enterprises, the decision to implement ERP functionalities will require buying a software package from one of the more popular vendors on ERP market like SAP and Oracle. But the selection process is not a straightforward task, hence thorough understanding of what ERP packages are to offer, differences in each of them and what might be at stake in selecting one package over the other should be well examined, Sammon and Adam, (2000). Evaluating and selecting an ERP system can be a very complex process on the other hand, but it should be a fact-based process that will bring the enterprise to the point where comfortable well-informed decisions can be made, Donovan, (2001). Thus, in an online poll conducted by ESI International survey of 2,000 business professionals, (2005), fig. 1, below, it clearly show that most software projects, ERP inclusive, failed due to lack of adequate requirements definition. In addition to the above, typical ERP project implementation can still fail due to wrong solution choice, Donovan, (2001). Therefore, a research carried out by Management Agility Inc, (2005), revealed that it is imperative to adopt a thorough evaluation and evaluation process before adopting any ERP solution in SMEs. Hence, there are eight steps detailed below in the flowchart, fig. 2, for a careful and reasonable level of a successful ERP implementation in SMEs. None of these steps must be rush through or skip to avoid any element of failure. These eight steps can be categorised into 5 stages; Planning RFP Solution Evaluation Negotiation Selection and Agreement ERP Software Hardware (Solution) Evaluation and Selection Steps Yes No Stage 4 Stage 3 Stage 2 Stage 1 Define Requirements Shop Round for Product Clarify Requirements Evaluation Vendor Inquiry Interact with Vendors Negotiate Agreement Action Agreement Define business case/need and spell-out required values. Be specific. Ensure the business sponsor is willing to push through business case for change. Look round the market for what product is available. Identify vendors that operates and their general approaches to technologies the take. Discuss with others in the same industry as you are etc. Clarify your requirements and be sure of what you are looking for in line with you business case. Refine requirements if possible and be specific too. Find out what product is looking promising in line with the business need and from which vendor. Identify which vendor and their products and invite interesting ones for demo etc. Request for proposal (RFP). Invite each shortlisted vendor over for a chat and find out more about the product. List out expectations based heavily on business requirements. At this point evaluate this approach. Can you afford to change your current process? Can you afford the change the new product will bring and many more? Initiate Negotiation for the selected product with the selected vendor. Agree on who does what, when are they to be done. Negotiate deliverables, timelines, cost payments schedules and terms, support inclusive. Review all legal terms, finalise the contract and select product for onward implementation. Alignment of business requirement to what the software/hardware can provide. This is the core of the whole exercise else stop the evaluation. Evaluate the product capabilities in line with the business requirement. Evaluate the impact of this product on the business requirement. Stage 5 Analyse Gaps Yes For effective ERP Solution evaluation and selection process, the above steps are categorised into 5 phases as explained below; Stage 1 Plan Requirement Business need is defined, along with areas in business that required technical approach. Develop a specific business case with business value for a solution. Ensure that the project sponsor is willing to articulate the business case for change. Indentify vendors that operate in the line of products you are looking for. Get familiar with the software and hardware infrastructure presence for the solution seeking. Get general view of investment needed, considering software, hardware, other related infrastructure and ongoing support. Based on the survey, evaluate the organisation readiness for the investment and decide whether to continue or not. Now define priorities under must-have and nice-to-have accordingly. Stage 2 Request for Proposals (RFP) Shortlist interesting vendor based on the outcome of market survey for products. Invite interesting vendors for interaction/demonstration of their products. Collects facts/functionalities in line with the business need from various products demonstrations for the developments of unbiased RFP for vendors. Set-up a neutral body to develop RFP using all facts gathered during products demonstration aligned to the business requirements. Distribute out RFP that addresses the vendor as a company and the products they offer. Generate basic expectations from an ideal proposal in line with the business need for onward selection of the ideal software vendor. Stage 3 Solution Evaluation Identify and prioritise remaining gaps between software capabilities as demonstrated and business requirements. Sample form in fig. 3; below. Identify how the gaps will be bridge in terms of configuration, configuration, process change or combination of all these. If the gaps cannot be bridge, then discontinue the evaluation exercise immediately. If the gaps can be bridge consider reengineering of those affected business processes affected and continue with the evaluation. Stage 4 Contract Negotiation Negotiate with each vendor. Establish software, hardware and other infrastructure agreement requirements, which include version, components, maintenance and support. Also negotiate participation in user groups, license costs, maintenance fees and many others. Establish service provider agreement which also include deliverables, timelines, resources, costs and payment schedules. Establish other legal requirements. Stage 5 Selection and Agreement Upon successful negotiation with the right vendor; Review all legal terms on privacy protection, operation guidance and data manipulation etc. Approve agreements with the selected vendors. Agree on implementation plan.

Religion in Ancient China and Egypt Essay

Religion has played a very important role in society and the history of mankind for over thousands of years. Originally created by ancient peoples as a way to explain the unknown, religion has greatly evolved and spread across the globe. As new religions have formed and spread, the diversity and similarities between these new religions have also increased, especially due to their geographic locations. Two civilizations in particular with both similar and distinct religions are ancient China, and ancient Egypt. Ancient Chinese religion and ancient Egyptian religion share many things in common with each other, yet at the same time they are also vastly from one another. Even though there are similarities between many of their gods, beliefs, ideas, and practices, the differences between the two religions helps clearly separate one from the other, and also helps identify their origins. In ancient Egypt, people were constantly faced against natural disasters, famines, droughts, and plenty of other natural phenomena. Without an explanation for all of these events, ancient Egyptians had to create an explanation of their own, and by doing so ended up creating their own religion. By creating a religion, these ancient Egyptians were able to provide explanations to each other for these natural phenomena by making them appear as if they were actions of the gods. In ancient Egypt, religion became a tool to help the Egyptians go about their daily lives without having to worry about disaster striking all the time. The Egyptians began to believe that if they honored the gods correctly everything would be fine and nothing would go badly for them. One key part of the ancient religion was called maat, which was the order of the universe created by the gods at the start of time. Maat was crucial to the daily life of the  Egyptians, and consisted of ideas about truth, justice, an d moderation. The Egyptians were polytheistic, and believed in hundreds of different gods. Of these gods some were lesser and not as important while others were more important and powerful. The king of the Egyptian gods was called Amen-Re. He was accredited for all military victories, and was one of the most powerful gods. Another very important god in ancient Egyptian religion was Aten the minor sun god. At one point Aten was decreed the only god in Egypt by the pharaoh Akenhaten and was to be the only god worshipped, however, after his death Egypt returned to worshipping all of its old gods. A few other gods that were important to Egyptian religion were Osiris; the god of fertility and the underworld, Isis; the goddess of funerals, Anubis; the god of embalming and burial, and Thoth; the god of wisdom and learning. Along with gods, another important part of ancient Egyptian religion was burial rituals. Burial rituals held a lot of significance to the ancient Egyptians because they believed that t heir buildings, prayers, and burial ceremonies were designed to reflect and keep the status of the dead person in their next life. Just like the people of ancient Egypt, the people of ancient China also used religion as a way to explain the unknown and natural phenomena that they encountered. People in the Shang Dynasty worshipped many different types of gods as well including weather gods, sky gods, and river gods, however the most powerful god was Shang-Ti. Shang-Ti was the supreme god who ruled over all of the other gods. Similar to Shang-Ti was T’ien, which translates to â€Å"Heaven†, who also ruled over the other gods, but T’ien also decided who would be the emperor or empress of China by giving them the Mandate of Heaven. The Mandate of Heaven was the right to rule granted to the emperor or empress from the gods, and it was believed that whenever an emperor or empress lost power it was because T’ien had revoked the Mandate of Heaven. While the people of ancient China worshipped many gods, another very important part of ancient Chinese religion was ancestor worship. The people who lived under the Shang Dynasty strongly believed that whenever their ancestors died, they became similar to gods, and deserved to be worshipped as if they too were gods. Each family in  the Shang Dynasty would not only worship the gods, but would also worship their own ancestors. Along with ancestor worship, during the late Shang Dynasty, people in ancient China also began to use written oracle bones to try to predict the future and also to communicate with the gods. Ancient China and ancient Egypt were both two sophisticated civilizations that created a religion as a way to explain the natural phenomena they encountered and the unknown. Although different in many ways, their religions do share many similarities with each other. One of these similarities is that both of the religions are polytheistic. In both Chinese and Egyptian religion, there are many different gods, and each god rules in their own domain. However, not only do both religions have more than one god in them, but also many of the gods from both religions are very similar to each other in the sense that they rule over the exact same thing. For example in ancient Chinese religion there is a sky god, just like the sky god in ancient Egyptian religion. Another similarity that both religions have in common with each other is that each religion has it’s own â€Å"high god† that rules above all of the other gods. For the Chinese it is Shang-Ti, the supreme god who rules above all of the others, and for the Egyptians the supreme god is Amen- Re. Along with similarities between their gods, both ancient Chinese and Egyptian religion also share a lot in common  amongst their burial rituals. In ancient China and ancient Egypt the people held a strong belief in an afterlife after death. Which is why in both ancient China and ancient Egypt, during the of burials of their leaders, pharaohs and emperors were buried with large amounts of treasures and other material items to help prepare them for their next lives. One more similarity between the two religions is that in both ancient China and in ancient Egypt the rulers were viewed as gods. In Egypt the pharaoh was viewed as being the direct descendent from the gods and was seen as a god himself. In ancient China the king of the Zhou dynasty was also viewed as the descendent of the spirit god, and was also seen as a godlike figure. While there are many similarities between the religions of ancient China  and ancient Egypt, there are also many differences between the two that clearly separate them from each other. One of the main differences between the two religions is the practice of ancestor worship. To the ancient Chinese ancestor worship played an extremely important and essential part in their religion. While the ancient Egyptians did have plenty of respect for their ancestors, ancestor worship did not occur amongst them on the scale that it did amongst the ancient Chinese. Along with ancestor worship, another difference that clearly separates the two religions is in their burial practices. While there are some similarities between their burial practices, there are also differences. One difference between the two burial practices is that the Egyptians preferred to preserve their dead because they believed the dead would need their bodies in the afterlife where as the Chinese tended to either bury or cremate their dead. On top of different burial practices, the ancient Egyptians also spent immense amounts of resources building elaborate pyramids to house their dead pharaohs. Even though the ancient Chinese did build elaborate tombs for their dead emperors, they did not spend nearly as much effort or time as the Egyptians did. Furthermore, the ancient Egyptians tended to clean out the organs of their deceased before wrapping them up in linens where as the Chinese would wrap up the bodies of their deceased in silk and would not remove the internal organs. Originally used as an explanation for the unknown, religion evolved into a huge part of society. Two societies where religion became a very significant part of daily life were ancient Egypt and ancient China. Both of their religions appear to have similar origins, and purposes and share similarities in practices, gods, beliefs, and customs. While there is much in common between the religions of the two civilizations, there are also many differences between the two religions including their worshipping and burial practices. Separated by thousands of miles, these two civilizations created their own religions that held many similarities with each other, but also had significant differences to help clearly separate the two. Bibliography: Bellah, Robert N. Religion in Human Evolution: From the Paleolithic to the Axial Age. Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 2011. Print. Pu, Muzhou. In Search of Personal Welfare: A View of Ancient Chinese Religion. Albany: State University of New York, 1998. Print. Teeter, Emily. Religion and Ritual in Ancient Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2011. Print. â€Å"An Introduction to the History and Culture of Pharaonic Egypt.† Ancient Egypt: An Introduction to Its History and Culture. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Mar. 2014. â€Å"Egypt’s Golden Empire. New Kingdom. Religion.† PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2014.